Testing Plus

通过框架模板、CI/CD 集成和高级测试策略，增强测试能力。

特性

• 框架模板：支持 Jest、Vitest、pytest、Go 测试的即用型模板
• CI/CD 集成：支持 GitHub Actions、GitLab CI、Jenkins 管道
• 变异测试：使用 Stryker、mutmut 验证测试质量
• 性能测试：负载测试、压力测试、基准测试
• 安全测试：OWASP 标准、依赖项扫描、SAST（静态应用安全测试）

快速参考

测试金字塔

框架模板

Jest（JavaScript/TypeScript）

// jest.config.js
export default {
  preset: 'ts-jest',
  testEnvironment: 'node',
  coverageDirectory: 'coverage',
  collectCoverageFrom: [
    'src/**/*.ts',
    '!src/**/*.d.ts',
  ],
  coverageThreshold: {
    global: {
      branches: 80,
      functions: 80,
      lines: 80,
      statements: 80,
    },
  },
};

// src/utils.test.ts
import { calculateTotal } from './utils';

describe('calculateTotal', () => {
  it('should calculate total with tax', () => {
    const items = [{ price: 10, qty: 2 }, { price: 5, qty: 1 }];
    const taxRate = 0.08;
    expect(calculateTotal(items, taxRate)).toBe(27.0);
  });

  it('should handle empty items', () => {
    expect(calculateTotal([], 0.08)).toBe(0);
  });
});

Vitest（JavaScript/TypeScript）

// vitest.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config';

export default defineConfig({
  test: {
    globals: true,
    environment: 'node',
    coverage: {
      provider: 'v8',
      reporter: ['text', 'json', 'html'],
    },
  },
});

// src/utils.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
import { calculateTotal } from './utils';

describe('calculateTotal', () => {
  it('should calculate total with tax', () => {
    const items = [{ price: 10, qty: 2 }, { price: 5, qty: 1 }];
    expect(calculateTotal(items, 0.08)).toBe(27.0);
  });
});

pytest（Python）

# pytest.ini
[pytest]
testpaths = tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*
addopts = -v --tb=short --cov=src --cov-report=term-missing

# tests/test_utils.py
import pytest
from src.utils import calculate_total

def test_calculate_total_with_tax():
    items = [{"price": 10, "qty": 2}, {"price": 5, "qty": 1}]
    assert calculate_total(items, 0.08) == 27.0

def test_calculate_total_empty():
    assert calculate_total([], 0.08) == 0

@pytest.mark.parametrize("items,tax_rate,expected", [
    ([{"price": 10, "qty": 1}], 0.1, 11.0),
    ([{"price": 20, "qty": 2}], 0.05, 42.0),
])
def test_calculate_total_parametrized(items, tax_rate, expected):
    assert calculate_total(items, tax_rate) == expected

Go 测试

// utils_test.go
package utils

import "testing"

func TestCalculateTotal(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        items    []Item
        taxRate  float64
        expected float64
    }{
        {
            name:     "with tax",
            items:    []Item{{Price: 10, Qty: 2}, {Price: 5, Qty: 1}},
            taxRate:  0.08,
            expected: 27.0,
        },
        {
            name:     "empty items",
            items:    []Item{},
            taxRate:  0.08,
            expected: 0,
        },
    }

    for _, tc := range tests {
        t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            got := CalculateTotal(tc.items, tc.taxRate)
            if got != tc.expected {
                t.Errorf("CalculateTotal() = %f, want %f", got, tc.expected)
            }
        })
    }
}

CI/CD 集成

GitHub Actions

# .github/workflows/test.yml
name: Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
        with:
          files: ./coverage/lcov.info

GitLab CI

# .gitlab-ci.yml
test:
  image: node:20
  stage: test
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm test
  coverage: '/Lines\s*:\s*(\d+\.?\d*)%/'
  artifacts:
    reports:
      coverage_report:
        coverage_format: cobertura
        path: coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml

变异测试

Stryker（JavaScript/TypeScript）

# 安装
npm install --save-dev @stryker-mutator/core @stryker-mutator/jest-runner

# 运行
npx stryker run

// stryker.conf.json
{
  "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stryker-mutator/stryker/master/packages/core/schema/stryker-core.json",
  "packageManager": "npm",
  "reporters": ["html", "clear-text", "progress"],
  "testRunner": "jest",
  "jestProjectFile": "jest.config.ts",
  "mutate": ["src/**/*.ts", "!src/**/*.test.ts"],
  "thresholds": {
    "high": 80,
    "low": 60,
    "break": 50
  }
}

mutmut（Python）

# 安装
pip install mutmut

# 运行
mutmut run

# 查看结果
mutmut results
mutmut html

性能测试

k6（负载测试）

// load-test.js
import http from 'k6/http';
import { check, sleep } from 'k6';

export const options = {
  stages: [
    { duration: '30s', target: 20 },
    { duration: '1m', target: 20 },
    { duration: '30s', target: 0 },
  ],
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
    http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
  },
};

export default function () {
  const res = http.get('https://api.example.com/users');
  check(res, {
    '状态码为 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    '响应时间小于 500ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 500,
  });
  sleep(1);
}

Artillery

# load-test.yml
config:
  target: "https://api.example.com"
  phases:
    - duration: 60
      arrivalRate: 10
    - duration: 120
      arrivalRate: 50
    - duration: 60
      arrivalRate: 10

scenarios:
  - name: "获取用户列表"
    flow:
      - get:
          url: "/users"
          expect:
            - statusCode: 200
            - contentType: json

安全测试

OWASP ZAP

# Docker 扫描
docker run -t owasp/zap2docker-stable zap-baseline.py \
  -t https://example.com \
  -r report.html

依赖项扫描

# npm audit
npm audit
npm audit fix

# Snyk
npx snyk test
npx snyk monitor

测试质量检查清单

• [ ] 确定性 - 相同输入产生相同结果
• [ ] 隔离性 - 无共享可变状态
• [ ] 快速 - 单元测试：<10ms，集成测试：<1s，端到端测试：<30s
• [ ] 可读性 - 测试名称描述测试场景
• [ ] 可维护性 - 修改一个行为，仅需修改一个测试
• [ ] 聚焦性 - 每个测试只包含一个逻辑断言

反模式

最佳实践

1. 测试行为 - 而非实现细节
2. 使用参数化测试 - 处理多种输入
3. 在边界处模拟 - 外部 API、数据库、文件系统
4. 命名清晰描述 - 场景 + 预期结果
5. 在 CI 中运行测试 - 每次推送都执行
6. 监控覆盖率 - 但不要盲目追求 100%
7. 删除跳过的测试 - 或修复它们
8. 使用变异测试 - 验证测试质量